What you need to know about FIV in cats

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV):

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a serious viral infection that affects cats, impairing their immune system and making them more susceptible to other infections. FIV+ cats may develop chronic or recurrent infections of the skin, eyes, urinary tract, or upper respiratory track. Inflammation of the gums and severe dental disease known as gingivostomatitis is common in cats infected with FIV.

FIV is primarily transmitted through bite wounds, often from fights with infected cats. Though the disease can be managed with proper care, there is no cure, which makes prevention a key priority for cat owners.

Recently, the FIV vaccine has begun to make a return to veterinary clinics, and this is a development that many cat owners should take note of. This vaccine was previously available but had been temporarily unavailable due to manufacturing issues. Thankfully, we are starting to get low stock back in clinic which will offer a potential tool in preventing the virus, especially for cats at higher risk.

Vaccination decisions should always be tailored to each cat’s specific lifestyle and exposure risk. For instance, outdoor cats or those who interact with stray or aggressive felines are at a higher risk for FIV due to the nature of transmission. Cats living primarily indoors, particularly in single-pet households, may have less need for the vaccine. However, cats in multi-cat households or those at higher risk of fights could benefit from the added protection.

Veterinarians are now prioritising these vaccinations based on individual risk factors, helping owners make informed decisions that balance the potential benefits with the cat’s lifestyle. Before the FIV vaccination is given, a FIV test should be performed to ensure the cat has not been exposed to the virus. A blood sample is taken and examined for the presence of these antibodies. This test can be performed during your appointment and takes approximately 10 minutes to get a result.

As awareness grows and the vaccine becomes more widely available again, it offers a valuable tool in safeguarding feline health against this potentially debilitating virus.